Unit 1 Language and Society 1
Text A Sociolinguistic Phenomenon: An Imaginary World 2
Text B Sociolinguistic Phenomenon: A Real but Exotic World 4
Text C Relationships Between Language and Society 10
Unit 2 Language and Culture 13
Text A Language and Culture 14
Text B Language Driven by Culture, Not Biology, Study Shows 17
Text C Lost in Translation 22
Unit 3 Language and Sex 28
Text A Language and Sex (I) 29
Text B Language and Sex (II) 32
Text C Language and Women’s Place 40
Text D Gender Differences in Communication 43
Unit 4 Word Borrowing and Language Contact 47
Text A Borrowing in the English Language 49
Text B Loan Word 51
Text C How Languages Influence Each Other 57
Text D Contact Explanations and Internal Explanations of Change 60
Unit 5 English Idioms 64
Text A Understanding Idioms 65
Text B English Idioms 75
Text C Top Ten American Idioms and Their Origins 78
Unit 6 Metaphors and Thought 80
Text A Metaphors We Live By 82
Text B Teaching Metaphor Through Pop Culture 92
Text C Thanksgiving Metaphors: “A Lot on My Plate” 94
Text D Metaphor and Cultural Coherence 97
Unit 7 Euphemisms and Taboos in Different Cultures 100
Text A Taboo and Euphemism 101
Text B Why Do We Use Euphemisms? 104
Text C Taboo 110
Text D Contamination and Camouflage in Euphemisms 113
Unit 8 Cultural Thought Patterns in Intercultural Education 118
Text A Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-cultural Education (I) 120
Text B Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-cultural Education (II) 130
Text C An American Writing Teacher in China 138
Unit 9 Cultural Relativism 143
Text A Understanding Cultural Relativism 144
Text B This Forest Is Ours 150
Text C Education Abroad—Going Native or Standing Firm 154
Text D The Challenge of Cultural Relativism 156
Unit 10 Linguistic Relativism 161
Text A Language and Thought Processes 162
Text B Language and Thought 169
Text C Language May Shape Human Thought 173
Unit 11 Linguistic Imperialism 175
Text A What Is Linguistic Imperialism? 176
Text B Global English 177
Text C Quebec: A Case of Cultural and Linguistic Imperialism? 186
Text D Lingua Franca Discourse 190
Unit 12 Language in an Online Global World 194
Text A Always on: New Literacy and Language in an Online Global World 195
Text B Emojis, a New Writing System, a New Language, or Nothing New under the
Sun? 204
Text C The Age of Twitter 208