Unit 1 An Invitation to Lexicology………………………………………………………………………………………1
Text A What Is Lexicology … …………………………………………………… 3
Text B The Secrets of a Word………………………………………………………11
Text C The Synonyms of Word… …………………………………………………13
Text D Morphology…………………………………………………………………15
Unit 2 Historical Development of English Vocabulary……………………………………………………… 18
Text A English Vocabulary: A Historical Perspective………………………………19
Text B The Growth of Present-Day English Vocabulary……………………………30
Text C A Brief History of English… ………………………………………………32
Unit 3 Foreign Elements of English Vocabulary… …………………………………………………………… 37
Text A The Sources of English Vocabulary…………………………………………38
Text B Latin and Greek Borrowings… ……………………………………………46
Text C French Borrowings…………………………………………………………48
Text D Borrowings from Other Languages…………………………………………50
Unit 4 Classification of English Vocabulary……………………………………………………………………… 53
Text A Content Words and Function Words… ……………………………………54
Text B Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary… ………………………55
Text C Colloquialism in Literature…………………………………………………65
Text D The Importance of Function Words…………………………………………67
Unit 5 Morphological Structure of English Vocabulary… ………………………………………………… 70
Text A Morphemes… ………………………………………………………………71
Text B Latin and Greek Roots and Affixes in English Vocabulary…………………82
Text C Roots and Stems… …………………………………………………………87
Unit 6 Major Word Formations in English………………………………………………………………………… 90
Text A English Compound… ………………………………………………………91
Text B Derived Words … ……………………………………………………… 101
Text C Conversion ……………………………………………………………… 103
Text D Deriving Nouns from Verbs: Names for People………………………… 108
Unit 7 Minor Word Formations in English… ………………………………………………………………… 113
Text A Minor Process of Word Formation… …………………………………… 115
Text B Acronymy………………………………………………………………… 124
Text C Reduplication… ………………………………………………………… 125
Text D Eponyms………………………………………………………………… 126
Unit 8 Word Meaning and Motivation… ……………………………………………………………………… 129
Text A Word Meaning in the English Language………………………………… 131
Text B Motivation of Words… ………………………………………………… 133
Text C Aspects of Meaning……………………………………………………… 140
Text D Onomatopoeia…………………………………………………………… 141
Unit 9 Sense Relations Between Words………………………………………………………………………… 145
Text A Synonymy… …………………………………………………………… 146
Text B Antonymy………………………………………………………………… 148
Text C Hyponymy… …………………………………………………………… 154
Text D Oxymoron……………………………………………………………… 156
Unit 10 Polysemy and Homonymy………………………………………………………………………………… 161
Text A Polysemy and Homonymy… …………………………………………… 163
Text B Lexical Relations: Hyponymy and Homonymy………………………… 171
Text C Fun with Homonyms… ………………………………………………… 173
Unit 11 Semantic Changes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 177
Text A Semantic Changes and the Causes… …………………………………… 178
Text B Semantic Shift…………………………………………………………… 188
Text C The History of Semantic Change………………………………………… 189
Text D Metaphor and Metonymy… …………………………………………… 190
Unit 12 Figurative Use of Words…………………………………………………………………………………… 195
Text A What Is Figurative Speech ……………………………………………… 196
Text B Literal and Figurative Language………………………………………… 198
Text C Synecdoche and Metonymy……………………………………………… 204
Text D Taboos and Euphemisms………………………………………………… 206
Unit 13 Meaning and Context… …………………………………………………………………………………… 210
Text A Context as the Key to Unlocking Word Meaning… …………………… 212
Text B Ambiguity… …………………………………………………………… 222
Text C Context and Context of Situation … …………………………………… 225
Text D Decoding Meaning Through Context…………………………………… 227
Unit 14 English Idioms… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 232
Text A English Idioms—Cream of the Language… …………………………… 234
Text B Major Sources of English Idioms… …………………………………… 236
Text C Animals and English Idioms… ………………………………………… 242
Text D Food and English Idioms………………………………………………… 246
Unit 15 English Vocabulary and Greek Mythology………………………………………………………… 250
Text A English Words of Greek Mythological Origins… ……………………… 251
Text B The English Word Roots and Mythology… …………………………… 259
Text C Words in Astronomy of Greek Mythological Origins…………………… 263
Text D The Adventures of Odysseus… ………………………………………… 264
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