Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is a method of regularly emptying
the bladder through the urethra or bladder stoma using a catheter under clean
conditions. It can prevent bladder overdistension， treat urinary incontinence，
and prevent kidney damage. CIC is simple to operate and can be performed
by the patient themselves or their family members in the community or at
home.
In 1972， Lapides and others proposed CIC for the treatment of neurogenic
bladder (NB)， which quickly became a life-saving treatment for patients who
could not empty their bladder autonomously. After more than 40 years of
development， CIC has been recognized by the International Continence
Society (ICS) as the preferred treatment method for bladder emptying. With
the popularization of CIC， it effectively prevents vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
and kidney damage and reduces the rate of bladder augmentation in patients
with NB. However， in many countries， the application of CIC is not yet wide-
spread， and there are not many literature reports on CIC， especially in chil-
dren. The European Urological Association has recommended that CIC can
start in newborns with NB voiding difficulties. The CIC may accompany the
patient’s life， starting early and getting used to CIC early， which helps the
patient integrate into society as soon as possible and reduce the occurrence of
psychological problems. In order for patients or their families to master CIC，
relevant training is very important. However， there is still a lack of specialized
works on CIC internationally. The publication of this book fills the gap in this
field.
This book elaborates on the content and clinical significance of CIC from
three aspects: the basic knowledge and procedure methods of CIC， the clini-
cal application of CIC， and the evaluation and follow-up of CIC effects. The
book includes the latest new concepts of CIC， such as the application of blad-
der safe capacity and safe pressure， and the clinical application of partial
(morning and evening) CIC， and specifically elaborates on the content of
children’s CIC. This book is an important reference for healthcare worker，
graduate students， undergraduates， especially urologists， pediatric surgeons
(pediatric urology)， rehabilitation and neurology medical staff， and those
engaged in urinary bladder control and ostomy care. Finally， I would like to
express my special thanks to my team， my colleagues， and graduate students
who have studied and worked together (name list is shown in the end of
Foreword). I have consulted a large number of domestic and foreign refer-
ences， combined with many years of voiding dysfunction diagnosis and
目錄：
1 The Popularization of Clean Intermittent
Catheterization Is a Historical Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jian-Guo Wen
2 Knowledge of Urinary System Anatomy
Is the Basis of CIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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