Foreword
1 The Connection between Energy, Climate and Biodiversity
11 Energy and Climate Change02
12 Climate Change and Biodiversity05
13 Energy and Biodiversity08
2 A Systematic Program for Ending Climate Change and
Conserving Biodiversity through Energy Transition
21 The Urgent Need for Energy Transition to Address Climate
Change and Conserve Biodiversity16
22 GEI Development as a Key Enabler of the Energy Transition17
23 The GEI Pathway for Advancing Energy Transition18
24 The Significance of GEI in Addressing Climate Change and
Conserving Biodiversity31
3 Measures for Biodiversity Conservation in Energy and Power
Project Construction
31 In-situ Conservation42
32 Ex-situ Conservationc47
33 Ecological Restoration50
4 Policy Suggestions for Coordinated Governance of Energy,
Climate and Biodiversity
41 Strengthening Policy Support56
42 Strengthening Financial Support59
43 Strengthening Technological Innovation65
44 Strengthening International Cooperation66
45 Strengthening Joint Actions68
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Essential to the well-being and survival of human being, bio-diversity is an important issueconfronting us and its protection is a shared task for all governments, the greater businesscommunity, and society at large. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)was adopted in December 2022 at the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UNConvention on Biological Diversity (COP15). It consists of four long-term goals to be achieved by2050, 23 action targets for 2030, and a historical GBF fund established to support the full andeffective implementation of the framework to ensure humanity is “living in harmony with nature” by2050.Global biodiversity loss can be attributed to five main causes—habitat loss, direct exploitationof biological resources, climate change, pollution, and invasive alien species. Unreasonable energydevelopment has exacerbated these problems. The long-term, large-scale development andutilization of fossil fuels have resulted in large volumes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and otherharmful substances and climate change, pollution, and constraints on resources, posing a seriousthreat to global biodiversity. Consequently, the world stands in urgent need of an innovative pathwaytowards a more sustainable energy source capable of satisfying our needs without compromisingthe health of the environment. By accelerating the green and low-carbon energy transition, it ishoped to achieve carbon neutrality by the middle of 21th century, mitigate the loss of biodiversitycaused by the development and utilization of fossil fuels, and coordinate governance of energy, theclimate, and biodiversity.Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a new energy system dominated by clean energy andcentered on electricity, characterized by extensive grid interconnection, intelligence and efficiency.It is a systematic reply to the energy transition, climate change, and the conservation of biodiversity.Construction of the GEI will completely redefine the economic and social development once sodependent on fossil fuels and promote the production of clean energy, electrification of energyconsumption, and more efficient allocation of energy, effectively addressing existing issues withenergy supply, climate change, and ecology. It will also inject new momentum into joint climatechange and biodiversity conservation efforts.The GEI has been widely recognized by the international community as a viable systematicprogram for advancing the world energy transition and sustainable development and has beenincorporated into the United Nations (UN) working frameworks for implementing the 2030 Agendafor Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement. It has been included in the Policy Briefs ofthe UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) for six consecutive yearsand incorporated into the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC), among others. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has spoken of theGEI’s importance to the two central concepts (sustainability and inclusivity) of the commitment toimplementing the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. The Secretariat of the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has stated that the GEI is representativeof the global energy transition trend and an excellent tool for achieving the goals of the ParisAgreement. Finally, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has saidthat the GEI fills the gap in coordinated climate change and biodiversity governance and providesa comprehensive, balanced, effective, and feasible action plan for the conservation of globalbiodiversity.ForewordThe Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO)is committed to promoting energy transition and sustainable development. It has conducted in-depth studies on the green and low-carbon energy transition and the development of clean,efficient electricity. GEIDCO has formulated two “1 6” energy planning systems, one for Globaland Continental Energy Interconnection Research, and the other Renewable Energy Developmentand Investment, and has released more than 80 innovative research findings. On this basis, it hasfurther deepened its research on energy and power, climate, environment, biodiversity, and othersustainable development issues.In recent years, GEIDCO has released a series of important reports worldwide, such asthe Global Energy Interconnection Action Plan to Promote the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment, Resolving the Crisis, The Road to Global Carbon Neutrality, Inclusive, Just, ResilientEnergy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices , and Biodiversity and Revolution of Energy andElectric Power. GEIDCO’s latest report was released in 2024 on the Coordinated Governance ofEnergy, the Climate, and Biodiversity . The report provides a systematic analysis of the mechanismsconnecting energy, the climate, and biodiversity and proposes new ways to address climate changeand conserve biodiversity through energy transition, providing a package of operable, replicablesolutions for their coordinated governance. The report consists of four chapters:Chapter 1 describes how energy, climate and biodiversity interact and highlights thesignificant role of the traditional fossil-fuel development model as a significant influence to climatechange and biodiversity loss.Chapter 2 discusses why it is important to address climate change and conserve biodiversitythrough energy transition, elaborates on how the GEI can promote global energy transition, andanalyzes the role of the GEI in addressing climate change and conserving biodiversity, especially byreducing global carbon emissions, mitigating habitat loss, and contributing to ecological restoration.Chapter 3 proposes 11 key measures for biodiversity conservation during construction inrelation to in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, and ecological restoration. It also introducestypical cases of implementing these measures and their outcomes, providing a reference forstakeholders and practical ways to put the plan into action.Chapter 4 offers 16 policy recommendations for promoting the coordinated governanceof energy, the climate, and biodiversity across five dimensions: policy, finance, technology,cooperation, and action. The recommendations are all aimed at enhancing the consistency,integrity, and collaborative nature of the efforts and promote joint conservation of biodiversity.It is hoped that the report might serve as a reference for the Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversity (CBD) and governments around the world as they develop policies andbusinesses and do their part to drive the new energy revolution, address climate change, andconserve biodiversity, thus contributing to the global carbon neutrality goal, reversing the loss ofbiodiversity, and building a global community with a shared fate. GEIDCO is ready to work withevery part of society to promote the coordinated governance of energy, the climate, and biodiversityand create a better future where humanity can live in harmony with nature!